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Pietro Bembo, O.S.I.H. (20 May 1470 – either 11 January〔Haar, Grove online (2001)〕 or 18 January, 1547) was an Italian scholar, poet, literary theorist, member of the Knights Hospitaller and a cardinal. He was an influential figure in the development of the Italian language, specifically Tuscan, as a literary medium, codifying the language for standard modern usage. His writings assisted in the 16th-century revival of interest in the works of Petrarch. Bembo's ideas were also decisive in the formation of the most important secular musical form of the 16th century, the madrigal.〔Grove online〕 ==Life== Bembo was born in Venice to an aristocratic family. His father, Bernardo Bembo, cared deeply for the literature of the Italian people, erecting a monument to Dante in his hometown of Ravenna. The father also served as an ambassador for the Republic of Venice, and while still a boy Pietro accompanied him on many of his travels. One of the places he visited was Florence, there acquiring a love for the Tuscan form of Italian, a love which was to prove so important in literary and musical history. He studied Greek for two years under the Greek scholar Constantine Lascaris at Messina, and afterwards went to the University of Padua. Further travels included two years (1497–1499) spent at the Este court in Ferrara, under the reign of Ercole d'Este I, then a significant literary and musical center. While there he met Ariosto and commenced writing his first work, ''Gli Asolani'', a dialogue on the subject of courtly love. The poems in this book were reminiscent of Boccaccio and Petrarch, and were widely set to music in the 16th century. Bembo himself preferred his poetry to be performed by a female singer accompanied by a lute, a wish which was granted to him when he met Isabella d'Este in 1505 and sent her a copy of his book.〔Haas, Grove online〕 In 1502 and 1503 he was again in Ferrara, and had a love affair with the notorious Lucrezia Borgia, who was the wife of Alfonso d'Este. He left around the time of Josquin des Prez's hire by Ercole I d'Este as composer to the chapel, and in time to avoid the plague which decimated the city in 1505, claiming the life of renowned composer Jacob Obrecht. Between 1506 and 1512 he lived in Urbino, and it was here that Bembo began to write his most influential work, a prose treatise on writing poetry in Italian, ''Prose della volgar lingua'', although it was not to be published until much later. In 1513 Bembo accompanied Giulio de' Medici to Rome, where he was soon after appointed Latin secretary to Pope Leo X. In 1514 he became a member of the Knights Hospitaller, now known as the Knights of Malta. On the pontiff's death in 1521 he retired, with impaired health, to Padua, and there lived for a number of years, during which he continued to write, and in 1525 finally published his famous work. In 1530 he accepted the office of official historian of the Republic of Venice, his homeland, and shortly afterwards was also appointed librarian of St Mark's Basilica.〔(University of Mannheim "Italian Authors" )〕 On 20 December 1538 Pope Paul III named him a cardinal ''in pectore'' and Bembo returned to Rome. The following year he received Holy Orders as a priest of the Order. After this step his nomination as cardinal was published and he received the red hat in a Consistory held on 10 March 1539, with title as Cardinal Deacon of the Church of San Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane (a title soon transferred to the Church of Santi Quirico e Giulitta). He was advanced to the rank of Cardinal Priest in February 1542, with title to the Church of San Crisogono, changed two years later to that of the Basilica of San Clemente.〔(Catholic Hierarchy )〕 While in Rome Bembo continued to write and revise his earlier work, in addition to studying theology and classical history. He received as a reward for his achievements the administration of the dioceses of Gubbio and Bergamo, though it seems that the Church never named him a bishop.〔Catholic Hierarchy〕 He died in Rome in his 77th year and was buried in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, near his papal patron.〔''Catholic Encyclopedia〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pietro Bembo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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